These solutions can be also expressed in terms of congruences modulo powers of a prime number p, and the coefficients of our equations can be treated as special cases of formal power series in "variable" p with coeffcients 0. 1, ..., p-1. Such elements form the field of p-adic numbers Qp.
This field has much in common not only with real numbers (its elements appear similarly as infinite decimal fractions) but also with a field of formal Laurent series Fp((t)). The study of both types of fields (so-called local fieldes) can be done in parallel; this is an essential part of modern Algebraic Number theory.
The topic includes the study of main principles and results of local class field theory, which gives a complete description of "abelian" extensions of a given local field K, i.e. Galois extensions L of K such that Gal(L/K) is commutative. In particular, the Galois group of the maximal abelian extension of K is "almost equal" to the group K* of non-zero elements of K, where the operation is induced by multiplication.
Possible directions of development include:
Algebraic number theory: proceedings ..., edited by J.W.S.Cassels and
A.Frolich
Galois Theory of p-extensions, by H.Koch
Local fields and their extensiions, by I.Fesenko, S.Vostokov
Prerequisites:
Galois Theory III, Algebra and Number Theory II
Resources:
Local class field theory, by K.Iwasawa
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